Analysis of the vaccination status of enterovirus type 71 inactivated vaccine in China from 2017 to 2021 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the vaccination status of enterovirus type 71 (EV71) inactivated vaccines in China from 2017 to 2021 and provide evidence for making policy on immunization strategy against hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods: Using the reported dose number of EV71 vaccination and birth cohort population data collected by the China immunizaiton program information system to estimate the cumulative coverage of EV71 vaccine by the end of 2021 among the birth cohorts since 2012 at national, provincial, and prefecture levels, and analyze the correlation between the vaccination coverage and the potential influencing factors. Results: As of 2021, the estimated cumulative vaccination coverage of the EV71 vaccine was 24.96% in birth cohorts since 2012. The cumulative vaccination coverage was between 3.09% and 56.59% in different provinces, between 0 and 88.17% in different prefectures. There was a statistically significant correlation between vaccination coverage in different regions and the region's previous HFMD prevalence and disposable income per capita. Conclusions: Since 2017, the EV71 vaccines have been widely used nationwide, but the coverage of EV71 vaccination varies greatly among regions. Vaccination coverage is higher in relatively developed regions, and the intensity of previous epidemic of HFMD may have a certain impact on the acceptance of the vaccine and the pattern of immunization service. The impact of EV71 vaccination on the epidemic of HFMD requires further studies.

Association between mild cognitive impairment and all-cause death in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To explore the association between mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and the risk of all-cause death among community middle-aged and older adults, and to provide evidence for early identification of high-risk populations.Methods:From September to November 2011, the residents aged 55 years and middle-aged and older in five urban communities were selected as the research objects by typical sampling method.The baseline survey of general information questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE), activity of daily Living Scale(ADL), Geriatric Depression Scale(SDS)was carried out and the physical examination was performed.Mild cognitive impairment at the time of enrollment was the exposure factor.In 2017, 2019 and 2021, Deaths were followed up through home visits and search for death surveillance information systems.COX regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for death.Results:A total of 1046 participants completed the follow-up and were included in the study.The baseline age was(66.4±6.6)years, and 199(19.0%)of them met the criteria for MCI.The average follow-up time was 112±16 months.During the follow-up period, 106 deaths were observed.The mortality rate was higher in participants with MCI(40 deaths, 21.1%)than those without MCI [(66 deaths, 10.1%), χ2=26.80, P<0.001)]. Participants with MCI had a shorter median survival time than those without MCI[(108.0±1.5) vs.(113.0±0.5)months, χlog-rank2=28.02, P<0.001]using the Kaplan-Meier method.Controlling for gender, age, and ethnicity, the Cox regression model revealed that MCI is associated with an increased risk of all-cause death( HR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.30-3.02, P=0.023). Conclusions:Mild cognitive impairment is an independent risk factor for all-cause death among community older adults.Early identification and intervention of MCI may have potential value in preventing premature death and prolonging life in middle-aged and older adults.

Spindle cell hemangioma: a clinicopathological and molecular analysis of eight cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of spindle cell hemangioma (SCH). Methods: The clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of 8 SCHs diagnosed from January 2013 to September 2021 in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China were retrospectively analyzed. Hotspot mutations for IDH1 codon 132 and IDH2 codon 172 were tested in 4 SCHs and 29 other non-SCH lesions using Sanger sequencing. Results: The 8 cases occurred in patients with a wide age range, from neonate to 46 years (mean 28 years, median 32 years). Both genders were equally affected. The course of the disease spanned from half a year to 31 years. Two SCHs were recurrent tumors. All tumors involved the distal extremities (4 of foot, 2 of ankle and 2 of hand). Six cases were presented as a single lesion and 2 cases as multiple lesions. The tumor diameters were 1-5 cm. All the 8 SCHs were typically composed of cavernous vascular space and solid components consisting of slit-like vessels, spindle cells and epithelioid endothelial cells which often exhibited cytoplasmic vacuolation. These two alternating components and the vacuolated epithelioid endothelial cells were the distinctive diagnostic clues for SCH. Vascular endothelial cells including epithelioid cells in the solid areas expressed CD31 (8/8), ERG (4/4), CD34 (5/8) and D2-40 (2/3). The spindle cells expressed SMA (8/8). Neither endothelial cells nor spindle cells expressed HHV8 (0/7), Desmin (0/5) or S-100 (0/3). Mutations were revealed in 2 SCHs, with IDH1 mutation (p.R132C) and IDH2 mutation (p.R172G), respectively. The IDH1/2 gene hotspot mutations were not found in the remaining 2 SCHs or the other 29 non-SCH lesions. Simple excisions were performed for 7 cases, and partial resection for 1 case. Follow-up information was obtained in 6 cases, with follow-up time ranging from 5 to 90 months (average, 46 months). No metastasis occurred in the 6 cases. No recurrence occurred in cases treated with simple excision. The residual lesions of the patient who received partial resection were stable. Conclusions: SCH is rare and should be differentiated from a variety of benign and malignant vascular lesions. An accurate diagnosis of SCH is clinically important and can be achieved by combining clinical information and typical pathological presentation. IDH1/2 gene hotspot mutations are specific to SCH in vascular lesions. Genetic detection is helpful in the diagnosis of challenging cases.

Efficacy Evaluation of Dingkundan in Treatment of Female Infertility： A Systematic Review Based on Randomized Controlled Trials / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This study systematically evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Dingkundan combined with conventional western medicine in the treatment of female infertility. Four Chinese databases，three English databases， and two clinical trial registration platforms were retrieved from inception to April 2021. Two researchers independently carried out literature screening，data extraction，risk assessment of bias，and grading of evidence quality. RevMan 5.4.1 was used for data analysis. A total of 216 research articles were retrieved and 21 randomized controlled trials （RCTs） were included，involving 2 172 cases. The risks of bias in the included RCTs were high. As unraveled by Meta-analysis results， Dingkundan combined with western medicine for ovulation stimulation was superior to western medicine for ovulation stimulation alone in improving pregnancy rate and progesterone level ［relative risk（RR）pregnancy rate=1.67，95% confidence interval（CI）（1.44，1.93）；standardized mean difference （SMD）progesterone=1.21，95% CI（0.82，1.60）］. Dingkundan combined with western medicine for improving the endometrium was superior to western medicine for improving the endometrium alone in improving the pregnancy rate ［RRpregnancy rate=1.35，95% CI（1.23，1.48）］. Dingkundan combined with clomiphene was more effective than clomiphene alone in regulating endometrial thickness and reducing follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol levels ［MDendometrial thickness=3.34，95% CI（3.27，3.41）， MDfollicle-stimulating hormone=-0.42，95% CI（-0.65，-0.19）， MDestradiol=-4.33，95% CI （-8.18，-0.48）］. Dingkundan combined with letrozole was superior to letrozole alone in increasing the follicle-stimulating hormone level and reducing the estradiol level ［MD follicle-stimulating hormone=1.14，95% CI（0.49，1.78）， MDestradiol =-33.65，95% CI（-59.13，-8.17）］. The single-study results showed that Dingkundan combined with conventional western medicine had certain advantages in regulating endometrial thickness，reducing follicle-stimulating hormone，luteinizing hormone，and estradiol levels，and increasing progesterone levels. The Grading of Recommendations， Assessment， Development， and Evaluation（GRADE）system was used for the evaluation of outcome indicators. The results showed that the quality of the evidence was graded moderate or low. Based on the existing evidence，Dingkundan combined with western medicine for infertility treatment had certain advantages in increasing the pregnancy rate， improving endometrial thickness， regulating hormone levels， and reducing adverse reactions. However，affected by the quality of the included trials，the results may have limitations，and high-quality RCTs are needed for verification in the future.

Effect of Buyi Pishen acupuncture on inflammatory factor and cartilage matrix in adjuvant arthritis rats / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of Buyi Pishen acupuncture (acupuncture for invigorating spleen and kidney) on inflammatory factor and synovial cartilage matrix in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats, and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).@*METHODS@#A total of 60 clean male Wistar rats were randomized into a normal group, a model group, a tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablet (TWP) group and an acupuncture group, 15 rats in each group. Rats in the model group, the TWP group and the acupuncture group received intradermal injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) at right hind foot pad to induce the AA model. TWP suspension of 8 mg/kg was given by gavage in the TWP group. Acupuncture was applied at "Shenshu" (BL 23), "Pishu" (BL 20) and right "Housanli" (ST 36), "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6), "Yanglingquan" (GB 34) in the acupuncture group, 15 min a time, once a day. The intervention was given 15 days in both TWP group and acupuncture group. The foot-pad swelling degree before modeling, before and after intervention and the arthritis index (AI) score before and after intervention were calculated; the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA method; the ultrastructure and histomorphological changes of synovium issue were observed by transmission electron microscope and HE staining; the positive expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9 in synovium issue was detected by immunohistochemistry method.@*RESULTS@#Before intervention, foot-pad swelling degree of the model group, the TWP group and the acupuncture group was increased compared with the normal group (P<0.01). After intervention, foot-pad swelling degree and AI score were increased compared with the normal group (P<0.01), foot-pad swelling degree and AI scores in the TWP group and the acupuncture group were lower than the model group (P<0.05), and those in the acupuncture group were decreased compared with the TWP group (P<0.05). The model group exhibited unclear nuclear membrane of synovial cells, chromatin pyknosis, massive inflammatory cell infiltration and hyperplasia in synovial tissue; the TWP group and the acupuncture group exhibited clear and smooth nuclear membrane of synovial cells, inapparent chromatin pyknosis, less inflammatory cell infiltration and hyperplasia in synovial tissue, the acupuncture group exhibited less matrix destruction as well. Compared with the normal group, serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α and positive expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 in synovium issue were increased (P<0.01), while serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α and positive expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 in synovium issue were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), while serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were increased (P<0.05) in the TWP group and the acupuncture group; compared with the TWP group, serum level of TNF-α and positive expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 in synovium issue were decreased (P<0.05), while serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were increased (P<0.05) in the acupuncture group.@*CONCLUSION@#Buyi Pishen acupuncture can effectively improve the injury of articular cartilage in AA rats, its mechanism maybe related to reducing the inflammatory reaction in synovium and inhibiting the degradation of articular cartilage matrix.

MRI and Transvaginal Ultrasound Findings of Atypical Polypoid Adenomyoma: A Case Report / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) is an uncommon type of polypoid characterized by fibroid stroma and endometrial glands. It occurs mostly in premenopausal women and rarely in postmenopausal women with irregular vaginal bleeding. In our current case, a 76-year-old woman presented with irregular vaginal bleeding. The final pathological diagnosis of the mass was APA. APA is not easy to diagnose before surgery. On the one hand, there was no obvious particularity in imaging features and clinical features, especially for uncomfortably identifying endometrial cancer. On the other hand, APA has a pedicle, attaching to any part of the uterine cavity, which can cause pseudocoel between the mass with the uterine cavity wall. So, when it comes to getting the pathological tissue in the absence of hysteroscopy, it is easy to access to the pseudocoel and obtain endometrial tissue rather than the pathological tissue of the mass. Therefore, preoperative imaging examination is of great significance diagnosis way of thinking to clinicians for APA. In the meantime, pathological tissue of APA can be obtained by hysteroscopy in visual conditions.

Blood transfusion delay occurred in one primary hospital and reformative measures: Case report / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To reduce the occurrence of blood transfusion delay in primary hospitals, so as to optimize the transfusion process to ensure the blood transfusion safety. 【Methods】 Root cause analysis(RCA) was carried out to evaluate blood transfusion process so as to find the root causes which might affect the safety of blood transfusion. 【Results】 The root causes of this transfusion delay included imperfect transfusion regulations, unreasonable blood inventory management, long distance from the blood center, etc. By improving the time point of submitting samples, from high-risk population, for unexpected antibody screening, the links that might cause delay in the blood transfusion were reduced from 5 to 1. After rectification, no delay in blood transfusion ever occurred in the hospital. 【Conclusion】 The application of RCA in blood quality and safety management can improve the risk awareness of blood transfusion safety management, reduce the incidence of blood transfusion delay in primary hospitals.

Practice and exploration of a new mode of orientation practice for undergraduate students majoring in blood transfusion medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To cultivate high-quality professionals of transfusion medicine and construct a new mode of undergraduate practice of transfusion medicine. Since 2013, orientation interns in blood transfusion medicine were recruited from the undergraduate program of laboratory medicine, and a new teaching mode of orientation practice of blood transfusion medicine was established from the aspects of teaching staff, rotation of posts, practice content and comprehensive quality. Through the new training mode of orientation practice, excellent transfusion medical professionals with solid basic knowledge, strong operational skills and high comprehensive quality were cultivated. The establishment of the oriented practice mode of blood transfusion medicine is beneficial to the cultivation and output of high-quality transfusion talents and plays a positive role in promoting the development of transfusion medicine education.

Evidence of clinical randomized controlled trial study in treatment of acute cerebral infarction with traditional Chinese medicine in recent five years / 中国中药杂志

To systematically search and sort out the clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT) on the prevention and treatment of acute cerebral infarction with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) by using the method of evidence map, and to understand the evidence distribution of related studies. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were retrieved from January 2016 to September 2020, and literatures related to the prevention and treatment of acute cerebral infarction with traditional Chinese medicine were included. Text description combined with table and bubble chart were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of evidence. A total of 1 102 clinical articles in recent five years were retrieved. The annual trend of clinical study publication, study size, TCM therapy category and main scheme, and study literature quality were analyzed. We find that TCM treatment of acute cerebral infarction has become a hot topic of clinical research, the number of literature showed a trend of increased year by year, various means of intervention of TCM in the treatment of the advantages of increasingly highlight. Follow-up clinical research should highlight the characteristics of TCM: in the analysis of outcome indicators; increase the neuropsychological patients after stroke and cognitive ability, and the theory of combined treatment of TCM disease when thoughts; At the same time, the quality of clinical research needs to be improved. At present, there is still a lack of unified standards for the production of evidence map. This study is the first to explore the application of evidence map to summarize and display the clinical research status of TCM treatment of acute cerebral infarction, and combine it with the setting of priority areas of TCM clinical research, so as to provide a reference basis for determining the priority topic selection of TCM treatment optimization research.

Exploring efficacy of Chinese medicine injection for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in treatment of acute cerebral infarction based on two complex network analysis methods / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the efficacy of Chinese medicine injections( CMIs) for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis for acute cerebral infarction from the perspectives of clinical medication and mechanism of action based on two complex network analysis methods. Firstly,the current 13 kinds of CMIs for acute cerebral infarction were obtained from 2019 List of medicines for national basic medical insurance,industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance with the method of network Meta-analysis. Secondly,with the use of network pharmacology,the mechanisms of top 2 CMIs with the highest therapeutic effect for acute cerebral infarction were explored from two levels including core target and network function enrichment. The result of network Meta-analysis showed Mailuoning Injection was superior to Danhong Injection in terms of total effectiveness rate for neurological deficit score and NIHSS score. The network pharmacology results showed that Mailuoning Injection had more core targets,interaction networks,enriched biological functions and more signaling pathways than Danhong Injection for cerebral infarction. Both two CMIs can play a role in treating cerebral infarction through core targets such as TP53 and NOS3,biological processes such as fibrinolysis,nitric oxide biosynthesis,nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction,negative regulation of apoptosis in endothelial cells and apoptosis process,as well as the signaling pathways such as PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway and cell apoptosis signaling pathways. The results of pharmacological studies explained their differences in clinical efficacy to a certain extent. A research strategy based on curative effect should be advocated in efficacy evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine,where comparative research on clinical efficacy can be conducted firstly,and then mechanism research based on outstanding effective drugs to better provide references and basis for selection of similar competitive drugs for one disease in the clinical practice.

Clinical analysis of 80 death cases with coronavirus disease 2019 / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and causes of death of 80 dead cases with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:The clinical data of 80 dead patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 11 to February 11, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The laboratory examination indexes (including white blood cells, lymphocytes, procalcitonin (PCT), lactic acid, D-dimmer, fibrinogen degradation products, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (N-proBNP), ultra sensitive-troponin I, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CD4 + T lymphocyte) of the patients at the time of admission were compared with the indexes at the last time before death. Statistical analysis was conducted by using paired t test or Wilcoxon′s signed rank test. Results:The median age was 72 years old of the 80 patients, and 78.75%(63/80) of them were older than 60 years. Thirty-six cases (45.00%) were severe and 44(55.00%) were critical at admission. Fifty-eight cases (72.50%) had underlying diseases. The common underlying diseases were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Comparing the patients′ first laboratory tests at admission with those before death, white blood cells increased (8.01(4.86, 12.29)×10 9/L vs 12.55(8.25, 17.66)×10 9/L), lymphocytes decreased (0.70(0.46, 0.88)×10 9/L vs 0.54(0.39, 0.75)×10 9/L), PCT increased (0.20(0.11, 0.74) μg/L vs 1.00(0.20, 1.99) μg/L), lactic acid increased (2.10(1.40, 3.10) mmol/L vs 3.10(2.60, 4.10) mmol/L), D-dimmer increased (4.33(0.97, 18.98) mg/L vs 15.29(5.17, 53.44) mg/L), fibrinogen degradation products increased (15.90(3.58, 76.60) mg/L vs 63.14(21.23, 110.67) mg/L), N-proBNP increased (1 078.00(347.35, 2 996.50) ng/L vs 3 439.50(1 576.00, 9 281.50) ng/L), ultra-sensitive troponin I increased (0.08(0.03, 0.17) μg/L vs 0.33(0.14, 2.47) μg/L), LDH increased (397.00(327.00, 523.50) U/L vs 624.00(481.00, 854.00) U/L) and CD4 + T lymphocyte decreased (137.00(104.00, 168.00)/μL vs 97.00(67.00, 128.00)/μL). The differences between the two groups were all statistically significant ( W=238.00, 1 053.50, 150.00, 152.00, 192.00, 190.00, 108.00, 57.00, 53.00 and 40.00, respectively, all P<0.05). All patients received antiviral and respiratory-support therapy and the main cause of death was respiratory failure caused by intractable hypoxemia and multiple organ failure. Among them, seven cases died in one day hospitalization, and 66 cases died in seven days hospitalization. Conclusions:Elderly patients with a variety of chronic underlying diseases have poor prognosis. It′s essential to pay more attention and deal with the above clinical characteristics at an early stage to improve the outcome of the COVID-19 patients.

Analysis of RCT outcome indicators of traditional Chinese medicine for essential hypertension in recent two years / 中国中药杂志

To find the status of outcome indicators reported in published randomized controlled trial(RCT) of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for essential hypertension in the past two years, we searched for relevant information from four Chinese databases, three English databases and two clinical trial registries in this study, from January 2018 to September 2019. The outcome indicators of RCT were extracted and categorized from trials and the risk of bias was assessed by ROB tools from the Cochrane Collaboration. A total of 125 RCTs and 15 RCT protocols were finally included after study screening. The results showed that the RCT outcomes mainly included efficacy and safety outcomes. Efficacy indicators mainly included blood pressure measurement, quality of life assessment, blood biochemical indicators, urine analysis, arterial ultrasound, vascular endothelial function indicators, hematocrit, hemorheology indicators and other indicators. The safety indicators mainly included general physical examination items, heart, liver and kidney function tests, blood, urine, and stool routine examinations as well as adverse drug reactions/events. The current RCTs cannot distinguish primary and secondary outcomes, and the RCT protocols didn't report efficacy criteria clearly. They both didn't report health economic indicators and the methodological qualities were relatively low. In view of the current status on outcome indicators reported in TCM RCTs, constructing a core outcome set of TCM for essential hypertension and improving the methodology quality of RCTs will help to accurately reflect the actual efficacy of TCM intervention.

Systematic Evaluation of Pushen Capsule in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia： A Meta-analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The present study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of Pushen capsule （PC） in the treatment of hyperlipidemia （HPL） to provide the basis for its clinical application in the future. The randomized controlled trials （RCTs） of PC in treating HPL were comprehensively retrieved from four Chinese databases and three English databases. The included RCTs were evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool， followed by the Meta-analysis by RevMan 5.3. Twenty-four RCTs were included， with 2 634 patients involved. The patients in the experimental group were treated with PC， PC combined with conventional therapy，or PC combined with other Chinese patent medicine. The cases in the control group were treated conventionally or by other Chinese patent medicine. Meta-analysis results showed that PC alone or in combination was superior to the treatment in the control group in improving total cholesterol （TC），triglyceride （TG），high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C），low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C），and total response rate. Fourteen trials reported adverse reactions， including seven reporting specific results. The adverse reactions were dominated by epigastric discomfort， but the difference was not statistically significant. However， affected by the quality of the included trials，the evidence strength of the conclusion of this study is graded low. More high-quality RCTs reported in detail are needed for further confirmation.

Histone deacetylase 3 promotes innate antiviral immunity through deacetylation of TBK1

TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a core kinase of antiviral pathways, activates the production of interferons (IFNs). It has been reported that deacetylation activates TBK1; however, the precise mechanism still remains to be uncovered. We show here that during the early stage of viral infection, the acetylation of TBK1 was increased, and the acetylation of TBK1 at Lys241 enhanced the recruitment of IRF3 to TBK1. HDAC3 directly deacetylated TBK1 at Lys241 and Lys692, which resulted in the activation of TBK1. Deacetylation at Lys241 and Lys692 was critical for the kinase activity and dimerization of TBK1 respectively. Using knockout cell lines and transgenic mice, we confirmed that a HDAC3 null mutant exhibited enhanced susceptibility to viral challenge via impaired production of type I IFNs. Furthermore, activated TBK1 phosphorylated HDAC3, which promoted the deacetylation activity of HDAC3 and formed a feedback loop. In this study, we illustrated the roles the acetylated and deacetylated forms of TBK1 play in antiviral innate responses and clarified the post-translational modulations involved in the interaction between TBK1 and HDAC3.

Analysis and process improvement concerning adverse events to insufficient plasma transfusion / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the root causes of adverse events to insufficient plasma transfusion, so as to explore improvement measures, optimize the transfusion strategy and avoid such adverse events. 【Methods】 The root causes of insufficient plasma transfusion were analyzed by health care failure mode and effect analysis, the targeted improvement measures were formulated and the effect was evaluated. 【Results】 After the improvement, the incidence of adverse events to insufficient plasma transfusion decreased significantly.The risk priority value affecting the safety of blood transfusion decreased from 70 to 8, and the proportion of coagulation function test after blood transfusion increased from 44.61%(1 309/2 934)in 2012 to 80.55% (2 187/2 715)in 2019, and plasma transfusion volume per capital increased from 300 mL to 528 mL. PT and APTT values after plasma transfusion in 2019 significantly increased compared with those in 2012. Meanwhile, the proportion of plasma transfusion in hospitalized patients decreased from 3.16% (2 934/92 838)to 2.12%(2 715/128 352). 【Conclusion】 Risk management of quality and safety of blood transfusion by combing healthcare failure mode, effect analysis and root cause analysis(RCA) can improve the risk awareness of clinical blood transfusion, optimize the proportion of plasma transfusion, and is essential to ensure the safety and effectiveness of blood transfusion and improve the prognosis of transfused patients.

Network Meta-analysis of oral Chinese patent medicine in treatment of acute cerebral infarction / 中国中药杂志

The efficacy of oral Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction was systematically evaluated by network Meta-analysis. The literature search was conducted in three English databases(Medline, EMbase and Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases(CNKI, VIP, WanFang and SinoMed) from inception to June 2018, and the randomized controlled trials of acute cerebral infarction were screened out according to the pre-set criteria. Two reviewers independently screened out the literature by using pre-specified eligibility criteria, and assessed the quality of included studies according to the risk of bias tool of Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0. Data analysis was conducted by using Stata 13.0 and WinBUGS 1.4.3 software. Finally, 52 RCT were included, involving 11 kinds of oral Chinese patent medicines. The results of the network Meta-analysis showed that in terms of the total effective rate, the order of efficacy was as follows: Naomaitai Capsules>Xiaoshuan Changrong Capsules>Angong Niuhuang Pills>Yangxue Qingnao Granules>Compound Danshen Dripping Pills>Naoxintong Capsules>Tongxinluo Capsules>Naoxueshu Oral Liquid>Zhuyu Tongmai Capsules>Yinxingye Tablets>Compound Danshen Tablets; in terms of neurological deficit scores, the order of efficacy was: Tongxinluo Capsules>Angong Niuhuang Pills>Compound Danshen Dripping Pills>Xiaoshuan Changrong Capsules>Yangxue Qingnao Granules>Zhuyu Tongmai Capsules>Naoxintong Capsules>Naoxueshu Oral Liquid; in terms of Barthel index score, the order of efficacy was: Xiaoshuan Changrong Capsules>Naomaitai Capsules>Naoxueshu Oral Liquid>Angong Niuhuang Pills>Tongxinluo Capsules>Zhuyu Tongmai Capsules. Although different oral Chinese patent medicines can improve these outcomes, the difference in efficacy ranking was relatively large. Because of the small number and low quality of research literature, the conclusion still needs to be proved by multi-center, large-sample, and double-blind randomized trials.

Analysis of status quo of RCT outcome indexes in treatment of acute ischemic stroke with traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the selection situation of outcome indexes in randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and to provide suggestions for future research. In this study, four Chinese databases and three English databases were searched from January 2017 to June 2019. The randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of ischemic stroke were selected according to the pre-established selection criteria. Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. A total of 20 651 related articles were searched, and 11 662 ones were left after eliminating the repetitions. Finally, 42 articles were included, including 36 articles in Chinese and 6 articles in English, 40 randomized controlled trials and 2 registration schemes of randomized controlled trials. The results showed that the outcome indexes of 42 randomized controlled trials were mainly divided into seven categories, that is clinical outcome index, blood biochemical index, mental state evaluation index, cerebral hemodynamics index, index of evaluating the degree of carotid artery stenosis, safety indicators and other indicators. The blood biochemical index was the one with highest frequency, followed by the clinical outcome index. TCM syndrome score was used as an indicator of curative outcome in 17 studies. After the analysis, it was found that there were many problems in selecting the outcome indexes for the randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cerebral apoplexy. For example, the end point index and hard index were rarely selected as the main outcome indicators, and the vast majority of them were intermediate alternative indexes; recognized curative effect could not be obtained; there were too many kinds of outcome indicators and excessive heterogeneity, hindering the promotion of superior treatment measures of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice. Therefore, we should draw lessons from the establishment method of the international core index outcome index set, construct the core index outcome index set of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of ischemic stroke, and develop the outcome index set which accords with the curative effect characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine treatment mea-sures to solve the problems effectively.

Systematic review and trail sequential analysis of preparation of Xiakucao for Hashimoto's thyroiditis / 中国中药杂志

To systemically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of oral preparation of Xiakucao with levothyroxine(LT4) on Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT), so as to provide the evidence for its clinical application in the future. All the included studies were retrieved from four Chinese databases and three English databases from their inception to December 2019. ROB assessment tool of cochrane system and the evidence classification recommended by GRADE were used to evaluate the quality of evidences in all included studies. RevMan 5.3 was used for Meta-analysis of the outcomes. Software TSA 0.9(trail sequential analysis) was used to estimate the sample size for Meta-analysis. The results showed that 11 randomized controlled trials and totaling 1 215 patients were included. Preparation of Xiakucao combined with LT4 was adopted as intervention in experimental group, while patients in control group were treated with LT4 alone. Meta-analysis results showed that as compared with control group, the rate of total efficacy in experimental group was significant improved, including improvement of thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies, shrinkage of thyroid gland and nodule, and improvement of clinical symptoms such as fatigue and cold intolerance(RR=1.15, 95%CI[1.09, 1.21]). The experimental group significantly decreased the serum level of thyroperoxidase antibody TPO-Ab(SMD=-0.91, 95%CI[-1.40,-0.41]), and reduced the size of left thyroid lobe(MD=-1.46, 95%CI[-1.82,-1.11]), right thyroid lobe(MD=-1.45, 95%CI[-1.96,-0.94]) and isthmus of thyroid gland(MD=-1.08, 95%CI[-1.20,-0.95]). After evaluation based on GRADEpro, the results showed that the evidence quality of all included studies was low or very low. The result of TSA showed that the cumulative sample size had reached the expected value. However, the pooled results may be affected by one study with high bias risk, with not so high effect intensity of evidences. From this review, we can see that in treatment of HT, intervention of preparation of Xiakucao combined with LT4 has advantages on improvement of clinical efficiency, decreasing serum level of TPO-Ab and shrinkage of thyroid gland. However, due to the quality of evidence, more rigorously designed and high-quality trials are needed in the future to verify the clinical efficacy and safety of preparation of Xiakucao in treating HT.

Dens invaginatus of right maxillary second molar: A case report and literature review / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To explore the process of diagnosis and treatment of the patients with dens invaginatus of right maxillary second molar, to analyze the clinical features, the radiographic features and the pathological features of the dens invaginatus, and to make a reasonable treatment plan. Methods: The clinical data, imaging findings and pathological data of a patient with dens invagination were collected. The clinical diagnostic criteria and treatment methods of these cases were summarized with relevant literature review. Results: The patient, female, 28 years old, was diagnosed with a hole in the upper right posterior teeth for 6 months. The special examination results showed that the 17-toothed face was flat, the crown was huge, and the occlusal surface was seen in the sag and sputum; the medullary cavity was not reached. The radiograghic examination results showed that the enamel density image of the 17-toothed surface was sunken to the root, with a depth of about 7. 7 mm, diagnosed as dens invaginatus. At the time of initial treatment, the humus was removed and the sag received sedative treatment. The spontaneous pain still existed during the follow-up examination, and the problem of food embolism was not solved. Considering the poor recovery after treatment, the patient agreed to remove the tooth. The isolated tooth was observed by pathological grinding, and the enamel and dentin structures of the invaginatus were abnormal observed under microscope. Conclusion: The patients with dens invagination occurs in the molar area are rare; the type of disease and treatment plan should be determined by imaging examination during the process of diagnosis and treatment; it suggests that the patients with poor recovery after treatment should remove the teeth.

Minocycline inhibits formalin-induced inflammatory pain and the underlying mechanism / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To unravel the underlying mechanism of minocycline in formalin-induced inflammatory pain, and to investigate the effects of minocycline on synaptic transmission in substantia gela-tinosa (SG) neurons of rat spinal dorsal horn.@*METHODS@#Behavioral and immunohistochemistry experiments: 30 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (3-5 weeks old) were randomly assigned to control (n=8 rats), model (n=8 rats), saline treatment model (n=6 rats) and minocycline treatment model (n=8 rats) groups. The control group was subcutaneously injected with normal saline on the right hindpaws. Acute inflammatory pain model was established by injecting 5% (volume fraction) formalin into the right hindpaws. The rats in the latter two groups received intraperitoneal injection of saline and minocycline 1 h before the formalin injection, respectively. The time of licking and lifting was recorded every 5 min within 1 h after the subcutaneous injection of normal saline or formalin for all the groups, which was continuously recorded for 1 h. One hour after the pain behavioral recording, the spinal cord tissue was removed following transcardial perfusion of 4% paraformaldehyde. The expression of c-Fos protein in spinal dorsal horn was observed by immunohistochemistry. Electrophysiological experiment: In vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in spinal cord parasagittal slices obtained from 26 male SD rats (3-5 weeks old). Two to five neurons were randomly selected from each rat for patch-clamp recording. the effects of minocycline, fluorocitrate and doxycycline on spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) or spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) of SG neurons were investigated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, both the licking and lifting time and the expression of c-Fos protein in ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn of the model group were significantly increased. Intraperitoneal injection of minocycline largely attenuated the second phase of formalin-induced pain responses (t=2.957, P<0.05). Moreover, c-Fos protein expression was also dramatically reduced in both the superficial lamina (I-II) and deep lamina (III-IV) of spinal dorsal horn (tI-II=3.912, tIII-IV=2.630, P<0.05). On the other side, bath application of minocycline significantly increased the sIPSCs frequency to 220%±10% (P<0.05) of the control but did not affect the frequency (100%±1%, t=0.112, P=0.951) and amplitude (98%±1%, t=0.273, P=0.167) of sEPSCs and the amplitude (105%±3%, t=0.568, P=0.058) of sIPSCs. However, fluorocitrate and doxycycline had no effect on the frequency [(99%±1%, t=0.366, P=0.099); (102%±1%, t=0.184, P=0.146), respectively] and amplitude [(98%±1%, t=0.208, P=0.253); (99%±1%, t=0.129, P=0.552), respectively] of sIPSCs.@*CONCLUSION@#Minocycline can inhibit formalin-induced inflammatory pain and the expression of c-Fos protein in spinal dorsal horn. These effects are probably due to its enhancement in inhibitory synaptic transmission of SG neurons but not its effect on microglial activation or antibiotic action.